Rational use of several chemicals

1. Acaricide: It is a medicine specially used to control herbivorous mites. It is only effective for mites and not for pests. There are three kinds of leaf mites, such as cinnabar leafhopper, truncate leaf mites, and two-spotted spider mites, which are mainly harmful to melons, solanaceous fruits, beans and other vegetables; Bean leaf mites mainly harm beans; Leaf mites mainly endanger eggplant, pepper, beans, loofah, etc.; more glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice glutinous rice Types, potatoes, eggplants, radishes, etc.; tomato mites mainly harm the solanaceous vegetables; thorns and roots are mainly harmful to leeks, sassafras, onions, lilies, etc.; squash and solanaceous vegetables . Both Cheng and Ruo can cause damage, mostly in the back (lower), young shoots, young leaves, young fruits, flowers or roots of plants. The leaves of the damaged plants are yellow-white spots, which are detached or the leaves are curled to the back (easy to be mistaken for viral diseases), or fallen flowers, fruit cracking (eggplant), and even the plants die.

(1) Liuyangmycin acaricide: an antibiotic acaricide, the active ingredient is Liuyangmycin. It is stable at room temperature and unstable to ultraviolet light in the range of pH 2~13. It is low-toxic to humans and animals, has a contact-killing effect on cockroaches, and has an inhibitory effect on cockroaches. The effective period is 7 to 14 days. The main dosage form is 10% emulsifiable concentrate. When spraying, 10% emulsifiable concentrate is diluted to 1000-1500 times. Use 600~900 ml of emulsifiable concentrate to control capsicum sputum per hectare, and use 750~1500 ml of emulsifiable concentrate to control red spiders such as kidney beans and eggplant. Note: This product has mild phytotoxicity to cruciferous vegetables and should be used with caution; it can be used to control the mites on bee stings and mulberry trees, but can not use compounding agents; can be combined with various organophosphorus and carbamate Mix pesticides, but use them first. The liquid should be used now.

(2) Flumethmethrin acaricide: This product is a pyrethroid acaricide and insecticide. The active ingredient is flumethrin, which is stable in acidity, low in toxicity to humans and animals, highly toxic to fish, and has a contact-killing effect on cockroaches. It is highly effective against cockroaches and has a fast knockdown speed of more than 20 days. The main dosage form is 2% emulsifiable concentrate. It can be sprayed with 2% emulsifiable concentrate and water for 1000~1500 times to control the mites on the eggplant (red spider). It also has good control effect on many locusts, thrips, leaf miner, leaf roller moth, small green leaf carp and hibiscus. . It has a compounding agent with acetylene (Twee 41.5% emulsifiable concentrate).

(3) 哒螨灵杀杀剂: The characteristics of this product are stable at pH value of 4~9, low toxicity to humans and animals, slight irritating to eyes, poisonous to bees, silkworms, moderately toxic to fish, It has a contact-killing effect and is effective for both Cheng, Ruo and egg. It has good quick-acting effect and lasts for 30~40 days. The efficacy is not affected by temperature, and it has no exchange resistance with conventional acaricides such as phenbutyltin and thiabendone. Method of use, when spraying, 15% emulsifiable concentrate is diluted with water, and 1500 times solution is used to control the leaves of A. striata, Turkic leaf mites, Bean leaf hoppers, and Physalis pubescens; and 2500 times liquid is used to control the truncated leaves.螨; use 3000 times liquid to prevent side polyphagia sputum (tea sputum). Matters needing attention: 3 days before the harvest of vegetables; can not be mixed with alkaline pesticides, use the agent up to 2 times in 1 year; can treat aphids, whitefly, thrips, etc.; other products of this agent are called anthrone , 螨 螨 哒螨 哒螨 哒螨 哒螨 哒螨 螨 螨 螨 螨 螨 螨 螨 螨 螨 螨 螨 螨 螨 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。

(4) Triazole tin acaricide: its active ingredient is triazole tin, which is easy to decompose in dilute acid and stable to light and rain. It is moderately toxic to humans, animals, poultry and birds. It is less toxic to bees, highly toxic to fish, has a contact-killing effect on cockroaches, and has a toxic effect on adult mites, nymphs and summer eggs. Resistant mites also have good control. Usage: Spray 25% wettable powder 1000 times solution to control the mites on eggplant and legume vegetables; or use 20% suspension agent 2000~2500 times solution to spray tea sassafras (side sputum sputum) . This agent should be discontinued 15 days before harvest; it should not be mixed with alkaline substances, and it can be mixed with various insecticides or fungicides, but it should be used alternately.

(5) Alkynese acaricide: also known as Kruth, propargene, Ogilvy, and cockroach. It is an organic sulfur acaricide. Its active ingredient is acetylene, which is not suitable for mixing with strong acid or alkali. It is flammable. It is low in toxicity to humans and animals, slightly irritating to the skin, safe for birds, bees and natural enemies, poisonous to fish, stomach poisoning and contact killing effect, and poor egg killing effect, with a shelf life of 14 to 30 days. Usage: Dilute 73% emulsifiable concentrate with water, use 1000 times liquid to prevent and control the side polyphagous mites (Te scutellaria), Shenze's leaf mites, Turkestan leaf mites, etc., and use 1000~2000 times liquid to control T. , two-spotted spider mites, etc., with 3000 times liquid to control mites (red spiders) on vegetables such as beans, melons, and solanaceous fruits. Note: 7 days before the harvest of vegetables; the application of the drug above 20 °C, the efficacy can be improved; but the temperature is below 20 ° C, the efficacy decreases with the temperature; this product can not be mixed with pesticides; for melon seedlings When the plant height of the bean seedlings is less than 25 cm, the dilution ratio of the 73% emulsifiable concentrate is not less than 3000 times (the concentration is lowered).

(6) Phenyltin acaricide: This product is stable to light, heat, acid and oxygen, low toxicity to humans and animals, irritating to eyes, skin and respiratory tract, low toxicity to birds and bees, and influence on natural enemies Small, highly toxic to fish, has a contact-killing effect on cockroaches, and has a strong lethal effect on cockroaches and cockroaches. It took effect 3 days after application, reached the peak on the 14th day, and had resistance to organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides, and had no cross-resistance with this agent. Usage: When spraying, 50% wettable powder is diluted with water, 1000~1500 times liquid is used to control the leaf mites of pepper, cucumber, beans and other vegetables, and 1500 times liquid is used to control the leaves of A. sinensis and Turkestan. Note: Read the label carefully before use; stop using the tomato 10 days before harvest; the temperature is above 22 °C, the effect is improved, the effect is lower than 15 °C; the agent has other names such as Thor Ke, fenbuxene, decane tin, bismuth tin, ruthenium tin, etc., and with lingzhi (10% benzene · 哒 emulsifiable concentrate), sulfur (50% phenyl butyl sulphur suspension), etc. .

(7) Thiacridone acaricide: The drug is low in toxicity to humans and animals, mildly irritating to the eyes, low in toxicity to birds, non-toxic to bees under constants, and has little effect on natural enemies. It is toxic and has the effect of killing eggs and killing cockroaches. However, it has no killing effect on adult mites. It can achieve high control effect within 10 days after application. The effect period is about 50 days, and the temperature does not affect the use effect. Usage: Spray with 5% emulsifiable concentrate (or wettable powder) and dilute with water, use 1500~2000 times liquid to control leaf mites on vegetables such as eggplant, pepper, beans, etc., use 2000 times liquid to prevent side sputum (orange)螨), Truncate Leafhopper, Two-spotted Leafhopper, Shenze's Leafhopper, Turkestan Leafhopper (on the kidney bean), Six-spotted Leafhopper, Tomato Skinthorn and so on. Matters needing attention: 30 days before harvesting of vegetables; this product should be used when the number of adult mites is small. If the mites are serious and the number of mites is high, it should be mixed with other medicinal agents. It should not be used alone. This agent can only be used once a year; it can be mixed with stone sulphur mixture; other names of this agent are Nisolon, Heseduo, in addition to Converse, hexylthiazole, etc.; and acetylene (Nissot) 28.3% emulsifiable concentrate) has a compounding agent.

(8) Amitraz agaricide: also known as gram, double worm, double dimethyl hydrazine, fruit mites, killing mites, Sanya bismuth, amine triazaindene and so on. This product features flammable and explosive, unstable in strong alkali or strong acid, stable in neutral liquid, will slowly decompose under wet conditions, and moderately toxic to humans and animals. It is low-toxic to birds, bees and natural enemies, and highly toxic to fish. It has a contact-killing effect on famine, and has fumigation, antifeeding and repellent effects, and has a poor effect on winter egg control. The temperature is higher than 25 °C, and the control effect is good, and the mites which have developed resistance to dicofol can be prevented. Usage: Spray 20% emulsifiable concentrate with water, use 800~1000 times liquid to control tomato scorpion, Shenze's leaf mites, Turkestan leaf mites, etc., use 1000 times liquid to control sassafras, use 1000~1500 times liquid to prevent For the control of cockroaches (red spiders) on vegetables such as eggplant and beans, use 1000-2000 times liquid to control cockroaches, and use 2000~3000 The liquid is used to control the mites (red spiders) such as watermelon and melon. Note: Stop 30 days before harvesting of vegetables; do not spray Bordeaux mixture before the application of the agent for 7 days and 14 days after application; avoid freezing when stored.

2. Nematicides: The nematode is a lower animal. The main cause of the disease is the root-knot nematode, which is colorless and transparent or slightly milky white. The male adult has a linear shape of 1.0 to 1.5 mm and a width of 0.03 to 0.04 mm. The female adult has a pear shape with a length of 0.4 to 1.30 mm and a width of 0.17 to 0.81 mm. It is distributed in the soil layer of 20 cm, soil temperature is 20~30 °C, humidity is 40%~70%, suitable for nematode activity, mainly harming the roots of dozens of vegetables such as cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pepper, carrot, etc. Many root knots (nodules) are formed on the lateral roots and fibrous roots to make the leaves of the vegetables yellow, wilting, dwarf, and even dead. Nematicides are special agents used to control plant nematode diseases. Some varieties also have the function of killing insects and controlling pathogenic microorganisms. They can eliminate pests by fumigation, contact, and internal absorption.

(1) Dichloroisopropyl ether: Also known as diether, this product has a special pungent odor, low toxicity to human and animal fish, moderate irritation to the eyes, and slight irritation to the skin. It has a fumigation effect on nematodes, and the duration of effect is about 10 days. When the soil temperature is lower than 10 °C, it should not be used. Usage: It can control a variety of pests of vegetables, and the active ingredient per hectare is 60~90 kg. Apply the medicine 7 to 20 hours before sowing, and immediately turn over the ground after application; the medicine can be applied to the seeding ditch and covered with soil; it can also be used after sowing or during the growing period of the crop, on the seeding ditch or on both sides of the plant ( About 15 cm from the root) Ditch, the depth of the ditch is 10~15 cm, and the soil is covered after application. Precautions: Pay attention to safety protection during the application process, avoid inhalation or contamination of the agent; pay attention to the ground temperature before application, and cover the soil in time.

(2) Weibam: also known as Weibaimu, Weibum, Baofeng, Suweiwei and so on. Its active ingredient is Weibam, which is a dithiocarbamate nematicide. It is easily decomposed by acid and heavy metal salts. It has corrosive effects on brass, copper and zinc. It is low in toxicity to humans and animals. It is on the skin and eyes. The mucous membrane is irritating, has a fumigating effect on nematodes, and treats both pests and diseases, weeds, etc., and the effective period is about 15 days. Usage: Firstly open a ditch of 15~20 cm in the vegetable field. The distance between the ditch and the ditch is 25~30 cm. Use 35% liquid agent 45~60 kg per hectare, and add 4.5~6 tons of water to dilute. Apply to the ditch, cover the soil and practise, 15 days after ploughing and deflation, and then sowing or planting, can prevent nematode disease, and can cure both tomato and melon wilt, cabbage soft rot. Note: This product can not be mixed with calcium-containing agents, nor can it be formulated with metal containers; the liquid should be used now to prevent decomposition of the drug; if the soil is dry, watering can be applied first.

3. Molluscicide: The mollusks that damage vegetables are mainly the same type of snails and wild donkeys. The same type of snail, the shell is 30~60 mm long, and has an oblate spherical hard shell in vitro; while the wild cockroach (commonly known as the locust) has a body length of 30 to 60 mm and has no outer shell. A lot of mucus will be left in the place where it crawls. The two foods are mixed, which can harm a variety of vegetables such as cruciferae, Solanaceae, Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae, etc. Plant leaves and the like are nicks or voids after being fed, and heavy ones lack seedlings and ridges. When the temperature is 15~25°C and the soil water content is 20%~30%, it is harmful. Generally, it is eaten at night, and it is hidden in the hidden place during the day. If it is rainy or cloudy, it can stay up all night and use special software. Animal pharmacy. Such as snail enemy.

The snail enemy is a mollusk agent that is moderately toxic to humans, animals, and birds, low in toxicity to fish, and slightly irritating to the eyes. It has a stomach poisoning and contact killing effect on mollusks, and can kill snails, cockroaches, and snails in a short time. Usage: 6% mil granules, 3.75~7.5 kg granules per hectare, granules can be evenly applied to the field after sowing vegetables or planting seedlings, or granules can be applied or applied. The medicines (strips) are 40~50 cm apart; the granules are 3.75 kg per hectare, evenly sprinkled in the cabbage field to control the snails; 10% polyacetaldehyde granules are used. 1.5 grams per granule of granules, control of gray snails, snails of the same type, wild snails, reticulated snails, fine snails (sowed in the evening on a sunny day), etc.; granules of 12.75~15 per hectare In kilograms, the heavy year is 18~22.5 kilograms, and it is scattered in the field to trap the snail. Note: The temperature is between 10~15°C. Under humid conditions, the effect is good in the evening; do not trample in the field after application to prevent the particles from being stepped into the soil; this agent should not be mixed with fertilizer and pesticide; after application In case of heavy rain, it should be replenished; this agent should not be stored in a welded tinplate container; other names of this agent are Milda, snail powder, tetraacetaldehyde, polyacetaldehyde and the like.

4. Rodenticides: Rats are rodents and vary from species to region. There are mainly brown rat, Mus musculus, yellow-breasted rat, yellow-haired rat, big hamster, black-lined squirrel, squirrel, meridian gerbil, and squirrel. In the growth period and storage period of vegetables, they can be harmed by rodents. The peaks of the two diseases are from January to May and from August to December each year. The seed is seriously damaged during the sowing period. The damage was heavier, and the mature melons, fruits and underground rhizomes suffered the most in the later stages. It is necessary to use a special agent for preventing and treating rodents (raticide), and according to the speed of killing the rodenticide, it can be divided into two categories: quick-acting and slow-acting. The quick-acting rodenticide has a quick killing effect. Once a bait can be effective, it is more toxic, unsafe for humans and animals, and causes secondary poisoning (ie, dogs, cats, etc. eat poisoned dead mice and cause cats) The danger of animal poisoning in dogs and other animals; slow-acting rodenticides have a slow effect on killing mice, and it is necessary to feed multiple times to obtain results. It is relatively safe for humans and animals, and it is not easy to cause secondary poisoning. The medicament can be further divided into a first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide and a second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide.

(1) Enemy rodenticide: It is a first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide, which has low toxicity to humans, animals and poultry, but has secondary poisoning. It has good palatability to rodents and slow killing effect. Dead rats appear 4 to 6 days after the poison bait. The poisoned rats die in the cave and do not cause rodents to be alert. They can kill a variety of house and voles. The rodent is more thorough. The main dosage form has 0.005% granules bait, 80 % sodium salt. Usage: Set 1~3 bait points in each room in the room, 5~10g of bait per point. Check the poisoned bait for food within 3~5 days after the poison bait, and timely replenish the poisoned bait; 0.1% poison bait is placed in the ground, and a pile is placed every 5 meters along the circumference. Each pile is 5 grams. After being fed by rats, it should be replenished in time. The bait should be placed outside the protected area. In the field, along the mantle and mantle. , every 5 to 10 meters to put a pile, 20 grams per pile. Note: 80% sodium salt and rice, wheat, carrot silk, sweet potato silk, etc., can be made into 0.025%~0.03% bait to kill the house mouse, or 0.05%~0.1% bait to kill the voles, but the sodium salt The content must reach 80%. In the process of formulating or placing bait, pay attention to safety; do not directly take the medicine by hand to avoid poisoning and cause rodents to be vigilant; the interval between continuous feeding is not more than 48 hours; the dead rats are buried deeply; other names of this agent are The voles are net, the squirrel, the sodium salt of the enemy mouse, the sodium salt of diphenyl-killing mice, and the like.

(2) Bromo antidote to rodenticide: also known as Le Wantong, putty rats, Macchia and so on. It is a second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide. It is highly toxic and harmful to sunlight. It is a highly toxic rodenticide, which can cause secondary poisoning, moderate toxicity to fish, low toxicity to birds, and Stomach venom effect, good palatability, slow effect, not easy to cause rodent alertness, high killing effect on the first generation anti-coagulant rodenticide resistant mice, the main dosage form has 0.005% bait, 0.5% Liquid (powder) agent. Usage: prevention and control of domesticated rodents, 2 points of bait in each room (15 m 2), 5~15 g of bait; if the main musculus is dominant, the number of piles is increased, 2 g per pile; The wild-rabbit rats are given 3000~3750 grams of rat bait per hectare, about 20 grams per pile; they can also be placed along the field, the cellar, and the ground, and the baits are piled every 3~5 meters, each pile is 5 grams; The bait should also be placed outside, and the bait should be replenished in time after being taken by the rodents. Note: In areas where the rodent is not resistant to the first-generation anticoagulant, it is not advisable to use this agent first; after the rodent is resistant to the first-generation anticoagulant, use it; 0.5% liquid can be used Or 0.5% powder and rice, wheat, corn and other things to make 0.005% bait; when preparing or using bait should pay attention to safety; poisoned dead rats should be collected deep buried.